Skip to main content

Meet Dr Jonathan Schwitzer, MD

Dr Jonathan Schwitzer is a Board Certified Plastic Surgeon. He has extensive education, training and experience with smart liposuction and plastic surgery procedures. Dr Schwitzer can help you achieve your personal aesthetic goals! Request a free Smart Liposuction consultation today with Dr Schwitzer.*

Dr Jonathan Schwitzer MD

Jonathan Schwitzer, MD

Board Certified Plastic Surgeon

Dr. Schwitzer completed his undergraduate studies at Columbia University in the City of New York and majored in Political Science. While in college, he completed two research fellowships: the first was at Columbia University Medical Center, where his research focused on the development of the kidneys and the urogenital tract; the second was at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, where his research focused on Lymphoma. Upon graduation, Dr. Schwitzer was awarded the Columbia University Office of Multicultural Affairs Graduation Award.

From there, he completed his medical school training at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, also in New York City, graduating with Distinction in Research. While in medical school Dr. Schwitzer was selected for a research fellowship at the world-renowned Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. His research focused on breast cancer reconstruction as well as patient-reported outcomes in facial aesthetic surgery. He also completed a research fellowship with the Mount Sinai Department of Vascular Surgery, focusing on chronic kidney disease and dialysis access outcomes. He graduated from medical school in the Top Quartile (“Outstanding”) of his class.

From there he completed his residency training at the prestigious MedStar Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, DC, where he served as Chief Resident. He trained with some of the foremost experts in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

From there, Dr. Schwitzer practiced in Long Island, New York, specializing in both reconstructive as well as cosmetic plastic surgery. Later he relocated to the beautiful and sunny state of Florida, where he now resides.

Certifications and Awards

Dr. Schwitzer has authored many articles in some of the most prestigious plastic surgery journals, including Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery and Aesthetic Surgery Journal, and has been invited to speak at many national plastic surgery meetings (see complete list below).

Dr. Schwitzer has won many awards and accolades over the course of his career including:

  • “Best Paper Presentation” Award at the 19th Annual Rhinoplasty Symposium (2014) in San Francisco, California
  • Blue Ribbon Research Award Winner at the 2014 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Research Symposium
  • University of Michigan Surgery Leadership Fellowship (2014)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Student Council Award of Excellence (2012)
  • Memorial Sloan-Kettering Research Fellowship, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (2013-2014)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Summer Research Scholar (2011)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Research Fellowship, Department of Vascular Surgery (2011)
  • Columbia University Office of Multicultural Affairs Graduation Award (2010)

Dr. Schwitzer is certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery and is a member of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. He is licensed to practice medicine in the State of Florida as well as New York.

Dr. Schwitzer has a particular interest in plastic surgery of the face, breast and body, including facial rejuvenation, breast reshaping, body contouring and chest feminization/masculinization.

Her has hospital privileges at:

  • Broward Health Imperial Point, Fort Lauderdale, FL
  • Broward Health Medical Center, Fort Lauderdale, FL
  • Broward Health North, Deerfield Beach, FL
  • Memorial Hospital Miramar, Miramar, FL
  • Memorial Hospital Pembroke, Pembroke Pines, FL
  • Memorial Hospital West, Pembroke Pines, FL

Dr. Schwitzer is fluent in English and Hebrew. In his free time he enjoys sports (he grew up playing hockey), weight training/running, reading, spending time at the beach, and traveling.

Publications

Perez-Alvarez IM, Zolper EG, Schwitzer J, Fan KL, Del Corral GA. “The Incidence Of Complications After Chest Wall Masculinization For The Obese Female To Male Transgender Population: A Case Series.” World J Plast Surg. 2021 May; 10(2):14-24. PMID 34307093

Schwitzer, JA, Pusic A. ‘The Importance of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Aesthetic Skeletal Facial Surgery’ in Aesthetic Surgery of the Facial Skeleton. 2020. 41-44. In press

Kotha VS, Fan KL, Schwitzer JA, Youn R, Black CK, Attinger CE, Evans KK. Amputation vs. Free Flap: Long-term Outcomes of Microsurgical Limb Salvage and Risk Factors for Amputation in the Diabetic Population. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Mar; 147(3):742-750. PMID: 33587553

Black C, Zolper E, Ormiston L, Schwitzer J, Luvisa K, Attinger C, Fan K, Evans K. Free Anterolateral Thigh vs Vastus Lateralis Muscle Flaps for Coverage of Lower Extremity Defects in the Chronic Wound Population. Ann Plast Surg. 2020 July; 85(S1):S54-S59. PMID: 32539286

Schwitzer JA, Decker P, Kanuri A, Terrel A, Sher SR. Post-Mastectomy Radiation Arteritis in a Patient Presenting with Upper Extremity Claudication. AME Case Rep. 2019 Dec; 3:49. PMID: 32030367

Choi Y, Economides JM, Schwitzer JA, Baker SB. Analysis of Cross-Ethnic Disparity in Contour and Highlighting Makeup Technique to Achieve the Aesthetic Ideal. Plast Reconstr Surg. Accepted September 2019.

Fleury CM, Schwitzer JA, Hung RW, Baker SB. Adverse Event Incidences following Facial Plastic Surgery Procedures: Incorporating FACE-Q Data to Improve Patient Preparation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Jan;141(1):28e-33e. PMID: 29280862

Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Schwitzer J, Grotting JC, Baker SB, Carruthers J, Carruthers A, Van Laeken N, Sykes J, Pusic AL. FACE-Q Eye Module for Measuring Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Cosmetic Eye Treatments. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2017 Jan 1;19(1):7-14. PMID: 27631534

Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Schwitzer JA, Baker SB, Carruthers A, Carruthers J, Chapas A, Pusic AL. Development and Psychometric Validation of the FACE-Q Skin, Lips, and Facial Rhytids Appearance Scales and Adverse Effects Checklists for Cosmetic Procedures. JAMA Dermatol. 2016 Apr 1;152(4):443-51. PMID: 26934294

Hibler BP, Schwitzer J, Rossi AM. Assessing Improvement of Facial Appearance and Quality of Life after Minimally-Invasive Cosmetic Dermatology Procedures Using the FACE-Q Scales. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016 Jan 1;15(1):62-7. PMID: 26741383

Klassen AF, Cano SJ, East CA, Baker SB, Badia L, Schwitzer JA, Pusic AL. Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the FACE-Q Scales for Patients Undergoing Rhinoplasty. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2016 Jan 1;18(1):27-35.  PMID: 26605889

Schwitzer JA, Albino FP, Mathis R, Scott AM, Gamble L, Baker SB. Assessing Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Orthognathic Surgery and Osseous Genioplasty. J Craniofacial Surg. 2015 Nov;26(8):2293-8. PMID: 26501967

Sinno S, Schwitzer JA, Anzai L, Thorne C. Facelift Satisfaction Using the FACE-Q. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Oct;136(4S):144. PMID: 26397674

Schwitzer JA, Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Baker SB, East C, Pusic AL. Measuring Satisfaction with Appearance: Validation of the FACE-Q Scales for the Nose, Forehead, Cheekbones, and Chin. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Oct;136(4s):140-1. PMID: 26397670

Schwitzer JA, Albino FP, Mathis R, Scott AM, Gamble L, Baker SB. Assessing Demographic Differences in Patient-Perceived Improvement in Facial Appearance and Quality of Life Following Rhinoplasty. Aesthet Surg J. 2015 Sep;35(7):784-93.  PMID: 26063837

Schwitzer JA, Miller HC, Pusic AL, Matros E, Mehrara BJ, McCarthy CM, Lennox PA, Van Laeken N, Disa JJ. Satisfaction following Unilateral Breast Reconstruction: A Comparison of Pedicled TRAM and Free Abdominal Flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015 Aug 19;3(8):e482.2015 Aug 19. PMID: 26495195

Sinno S, Schwitzer J, Anzai L, Thorne CH. Face-Lift Satisfaction Using the FACE-Q. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Aug; 136(2):239-42. PMID: 25909302

Schwitzer JA, Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Baker SB, East C, Pusic AL. Measuring Satisfaction with Appearance: Validation of the FACE-Q Scales for the Nose, Forehead, Cheekbones, and Chin. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Oct;136(4S):140-1. PMID: 26397670

Schwitzer JA, Sher SR, Fan KL, Scott AM, Gamble L, Baker SB. Assessing Patient-Reported Satisfaction with Appearance and Quality of Life Following Rhinoplasty Using the FACE-Q Appraisal Scales. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 May;135(5):830e-7e. PMID: 25919265

Schwitzer JA, Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Pusic AL. Measuring Outcomes That Matter to Cosmetic Patients: Development and Validation of the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Lips and Lip Lines Scales. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Oct; 134(4S 1):97.

Schwitzer JA, Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Pusic AL.  Measuring Quality of Life in Facial Aesthetic Patients: Development and Validation of the FACE-Q Psychological Function, Social Function, Early Life Impact, and Satisfaction with Outcome and Decision Scales. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Oct; 134(4S 1): 96.

Schwitzer JA, Scott A, Miller HC, Matros E, Pusic AL, McCarthy CM, Mehrara BJ, Disa JJ. Patient-reported satisfaction and quality of life following unilateral pedicled and free abdominal flap reconstruction: is there a difference? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Oct; 134(4S 1): 88.

Schwitzer J, Klassen A, Cano S, Pusic A. Towards Evidence-Based Practice in Cosmetic Surgery: Using the Q-Portfolio of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures. The Aesthetics Journal. 2014 June; 1(7): 28-33.

Klassen A, Cano S, Schwitzer J, Scott A,Pusic A. FACE-Q Scales for Health-Related Quality of Life, Early Life Impact and Satisfaction with Outcomes and Decision to Have Treatment: Development and Validation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Feb;135(2):375-86. PMID: 25626785

Kokkosis A, Abramowitz S, Schwitzer J, Nowakowski S, Teodorescu V, Schanzer H. Inflow Stenosis as a Contributing Factor in the Etiology of AV Access-Induced Ischemic Steal. J Vasc Access.2014 Jul; 15(4): 286-90. PMID: 24474518

Klassen A, Cano S, Schwitzer J, Pusic A. Incorporating the Patients’ Voice in Outcomes Assessment in Cosmetic Surgery: Using the BREAST-Q, FACE-Q, and BODY-Q. Plastic Surgery Pulse News, 2013 Dec; 5(3).

Kokkosis A, Abramowitz S, Schwitzer J, Teodorescu V, Schanzer H. Experience of HeRO Dialysis Graft Placement in a Challenging Population. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2013 May; 47(4):278-80. PMID: 23478878

Abramowitz S, Schwitzer J, Teodorescu VJ, Kokkosis AA, Schanzer H, Faries P, and Vouyouka A. Outcomes of Arteriovenous FistulaCreation by Location: Does Gender Matter? J Vasc Surg. 2012 Sep; 56(3): 883.

Kokkosis A, Abramowitz S, Schwitzer J, Nowakowski S, Teodorescu V, Schanzer H. How Often Is Inflow Stenosis a Contributing Factor in the Etiology of Arteriovenous Access-Induced Ischemic Steal? J Vasc Surg. 2012 Sep; 56(3): 883.

Abramowitz S, Kokkosis AA, Schwitzer J, Schanzer H, and Teodorescu VJ. Hemodialysis and Age-Related Postoperative Outcomes: Which Fistula First? J Vasc Surg. 2012 Jun; 55(6): 28S–29S.

Oral Presentations

Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA. 10/2019. Black C, Fan KL, Ormiston LD, Zolper EG, Schwitzer J, Luvisa K, Evans KK. Muscle vs. Anterolateral Thigh Flaps for Coverage of Lower Extremity Defects in the Chronic Wound Population: A Comparison of Early and Late Outcomes.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery the Meeting, San Diego, CA. 09/2019. Wirth P, Schwitzer J, Kotha V, Walters E, Evans KK. Risk Factors for Amputation Following Lower Extremity Free Tissue Transfer in a Chronic Wound Population.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery the Meeting, San Diego, CA. 09/2019. Black CK, Wirth P, Schwitzer JA, Luvisa K, Fan KL, Evans KK. Limb Salvage Rates and Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Lower Extremity Wounds Following Radiation Therapy.

World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, Annual Meeting, Bologna, ITL. 07/2019. Kotha VS, Walters E, Devulapalli C, Schwitzer JA, Attinger CE, Evans KK. Risk Factors for Amputation Following Lower Extremity Free Tissue Transfer in a Chronic Wound Population.

Plastic Surgery Research Council, Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD. 05/2019. Kotha VS, Walters E, Devulapalli C, Schwitzer JA, Attinger CE, Evans KK. Risk Factors for Amputation Following Lower Extremity Free Tissue Transfer in a Chronic Wound Population.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery the Meeting, Chicago, IL. 09/2018. Schwitzer JA, Janhofer D, Lakhiani C, Martinez J, Walters ET,  Evans KK. Risk Factors for Amputation Following Lower Extremity Free Tissue Transfer Among Diabetic Patients.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery the Meeting, Boston, MA. 10/2015. Schwitzer JA, Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Baker SB, East C, Pusic AL. Measuring Satisfaction with Appearance: Validation of the FACE-Q Scales for the Nose, Forehead, Cheekbones, and Chin.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery the Meeting, Boston, MA. 10/2015. Sinno S, Schwitzer J, Anzai L, Thorne CH. Face-Lift Satisfaction Using the FACE-Q.

American Society for Dermatologic Surgery, Annual Meeting. 10/2015. Rossi AN, Schwitzer JA, Pusic AL. Assessing Improvement of Facial Appearance and Quality of Life in Cosmetic Surgery Patients Using the FACE-Q Scales.

Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA. 09/2015. Schwitzer JA, Klassen AF, Cano SJ, Baker SB, East C, Pusic AL. Measuring Satisfaction with Appearance: Validation of the FACE-Q Scales for the Nose, Forehead, Cheekbones, and Chin.

Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA. 09/2015. Sinno S, Schwitzer J, Anzai L, Thorne CH. Face-Lift Satisfaction Using the FACE-Q.

American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, The Aesthetic Meeting, Montreal, QC. 05/2015. Schwitzer JA, Derby B, Dilaura A, Gothard K, Grotting JC. Assessing Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Facelift, Blepharoplasty, and Browlift: Is there a difference?

American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, The Aesthetic Meeting, Montreal, QC. 05/2015. Sinno S, Schwitzer JA, Anzai L, Thorne CM. Assessing Patient Outcomes and Satisfaction following Facelifting using the Face-Q.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. 10/2014. Schwitzer J, Scott AM, Miller HC, Pusic A, Matros E, McCarthy C, Mehrara B, Disa J. Patient-Reported Satisfaction and Quality of Life Following Post-Mastectomy Pedicled and Free Abdominal Flap Reconstruction: Is there a Difference?

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. 10/2014. Schwitzer J, Klassen A, Cano S, Pusic A. Measuring Quality of Life in Facial Aesthetic Patients: Development and Validation of the FACE-Q Psychological Function, Social Function, Early Life Impact, and Satisfaction with Outcome and Decision Scales.

American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL. 10/2014. Schwitzer J, Klassen A, Cano S, Pusic A. Measuring Outcomes that Matter to Cosmetic Patients: Development and Validation of the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Lips and Lip Lines Scales.

Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Providence, RI. 09/2014. Schwitzer J, Scott AM, Fan K, Sher S, Pusic A, Baker S. The Impact of Demographic Differences on Perceived Improvement Following Rhinoplasty.

Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Providence, RI.  09/2014. Schwitzer J, Scott AM, Miller HC, Pusic A, Matros E, McCarthy C, Mehrara B, Disa J. Patient-Reported Satisfaction and Quality of Life Following Post-Mastectomy Unilateral Pedicled and Free Abdominal Flap Reconstruction: Is there a Difference?

Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Providence, RI. 09/2014. Schwitzer J, Klassen A, Cano S, Pusic A. Measuring Quality of Life in Facial Aesthetic Patients: Development and Validation of the FACE-Q Psychological Function, Social Function, Early Life Impact, and Satisfaction with Outcome and Decision Scales. 

The American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, International Symposium of Facial Plastic Surgery, New York, NY. 05/2014. Alexander A, Schwitzer J, Scott AM, Schmidt K, Rosenberg D. The Fountain of Youth: Patient Reported Outcomes Following Facelift Surgery.

The Rhinoplasty Society/American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA. 04/2014. Baker S, Schwitzer J, Sher S, Fan K, Pusic A, Scott AM. Measuring Outcomes that Matter to Rhinoplasty Patients Using the FACE-Q Appraisal Scales.

* Winner “Best Paper Presentation” at the 19th Annual Rhinoplasty Symposium

Eastern Vascular Society, Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA. 09/2012. Abramowitz S, Schwitzer J, Teodorescu V, Kokkosis A, Schanzer H, Faries P, Vouyouka A. Outcomes of Arteriovenous Fistula Creation by Location: Does Gender Matter?

Eastern Vascular Society, Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA. 09/2012. Kokkosis A, Abramowitz S, Schwitzer J, Nowakowski S, Teodorescu V, Schanzer H. How Often Is Inflow Stenosis A Contributing Factor In The Etiology Of AV Access-induced Ischemic Steal?

Society of Vascular Surgery (SVS), Annual Meeting, Washington, DC. 06/2012. Abramowitz S, Kokkosis A, Schwitzer J, Teodorescu V, Schanzer H. Hemodialysis Access and Age-related Postoperative Outcomes: Which Fistula First?

Vascular Access Society of the Americas, Vascular Access for Hemodialysis Symposium, Orlando, FL. 05/2012. Schwitzer J, Abramowitz S, Kokkosis A, Faries P, Marin M, Schanzer H, Teodorescu V. The Impact of Prior Access on Autogenous Brachiobasilic Fistula Maturation.

Vascular Access Society of the Americas, Vascular Access for Hemodialysis Symposium, Orlando, FL. 05/2012. Kokkosis A, Abramowitz S, Schwitzer J, Schanzer H, Teodorescu V. Experience of HeRO Dialysis Graft Placement in a Challenging Population.

Vascular Access Society of the Americas, Annual Meeting, 05/2012. Abramowitz, S, Kokkosis A, Schwitzer J,  Schanzer H, Teodorescu V. Hemodialysis Access Creation and Anesthetic Choice.

Medical Society of the State of New York, Annual Meeting, New York, NY. 04/2011. Abramowitz, S, Kokkosis A, Schwitzer J, Schanzer H, Teodorescu V. Regional Anesthesia in Hemodialysis Creation: Improving Autologous Arteriovenous Fistula Prevalence.

New York Academy of Sciences Science Research Training Program Summer Research Symposium, New York, NY. 08/2005. Schwitzer J, Stahl R, Dardik H. The Green Tea Extract EGCG and its Possible Effect on Intimal Hyperplasia and Protein Kinases.

Poster Presentations

Plastic Surgery Research Council, Annual Meeting, 05/2020. Zolper E, Black C, Ormiston L, Schwitzer J, Luvisa K, Attinger C, Fan K, Evans K. Free Anterolateral Thigh vs Vastus Lateralis Muscle Flaps for Coverage of Lower Extremity Defects in the Chronic Wound Population: Does A Discrepancy In Post-Reconstruction Ambulation Exist?

American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 01/ 2020. Black CK, Zolper EG, Fan K, Ormiston L, Schwitzer J, Luvisa K, Evans KK. Muscle vs. Anterolateral Thigh Flaps for Coverage of Lower Extremity Defects in the Chronic Wound Population: A Comparison of Early and Late Outcomes.

Northeastern Society of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA. 10/2019. Schwitzer JA, Choi Y, Economides JM, Baker SB. Analysis of Cross-Ethnic Disparity in Contour and Highlighting Makeup Technique to Achieve the Aesthetic Ideal.

American Association of Plastic Surgeons, Annual Meeting, Scottsdale, AZ. 04/2015. Sinno S, Schwitzer JA, Anzai L, Thorne CM. Assessing Patient Outcomes and Satisfaction following Facelifting using the Face-Q.

American Academy of Dermatology, Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA. 03/2015. Rossi AN, Hibler B, Schwitzer JA, Pusic AL. Assessing Improvement of Facial Appearance and Quality of Life in Cosmetic Surgery Patients Using the FACE-Q Scales.

American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, The Aesthetic Meeting, San Francisco, CA. 04/2014. Scott AM, Schwitzer J, Sher S, Fan K, Pusic A, Spear S, Baker S. Assessing Clinical Judgment in Orthognathic Surgery and Genioplasty Patients using the FACE-Q Appearance Appraisal Scales.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Medical Student Research Day, New York, NY. 03/2014. Schwitzer J, Scott AM, Miller HC, Lipa J, Pusic A, Cordeiro P, Snell L. Assessing Differences In Health-Related Quality Of Life Between Women Awaiting Delayed Breast Reconstruction And Women That Received Immediate Breast Reconstruction*.

* Blue Ribbon Award Winner as one of the highest scoring abstracts

International Society of Quality of Life (ISOQOL), Annual Meeting, Miami, FL. 10/2013: Lee E, Klassen A, Lawson J, Scott AM, Schwitzer J, Cano S, Nehal K, Pusic A. A Qualitative Study to Develop a Conceptual Framework to Understand the Health Concerns of Patients Who Undergo Facial Surgery for Skin Cancer.

Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Medical Student Research Day, New York, NY. 11/2011. Schwitzer J, Kokkosis A, Abramowitz S, Schanzer H, Teodorescu V. Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) Graft Placement in End Stage Renal Disease Patients with Limited Access.

VEITH Annual Symposium on Vascular and Endovascular Issues, New York, NY. 11/ 2011. Kokkosis A, Abramowitz S, Schwitzer J, Schanzer H, Teodorescu V. Experience of HeRO Dialysis Graft Placement in a Challenging Population.

Columbia University Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, Research Symposium,  New York, NY. 01/2009. Schwitzer J, Mendelsohn CL. The Essential Role of Retinoic Acid in Kidney Development.